Definition:
| Term | Definition |
| Symbol | Symbol is the shorthand abbreviation of the full name of an element. |
| Valency | Valency is the number of hydrogen atoms or the number of chlorine atoms or double the number of oxygen atoms with which one atom of that element combines. OR, The number of electrons lost, gained or shared with one atom of the element in order to acquire the stable configuration of the nearest inert gas element. |
List of Cations or basic radicals:
| Name | Symbol | Charge |
| Hydrogen | H+ | +1 |
| Lithium | Li+ | +1 |
| Sodium | Na+ | +1 |
| Potassium | K+ | +1 |
| Cuprous or Copper(I) | Cu+ | +1 |
| Silver | Ag+ | +1 |
| Aurous or Gold(I) | Au+ | +1 |
| Mercurous or mercury (I) | Hg2+2 | +1 |
| Ammonium | NH4+ | +1 |
| Phosphonium | PH4+ | +1 |
| Magnesium | Mg2+ | +2 |
| Calcium | Ca2+ | +2 |
| Barium | Ba2+ | +2 |
| Cupric or Copper(II) | Cu2+ | +2 |
| Mercuric or Mercury (II) | Hg2+ | +2 |
| Ferrous or Iron (II) | Fe2+ | +2 |
| Cobaltous or Cobalt(II) | Co2+ | +2 |
| Nickel | Ni2+ | +2 |
| Manganous or Manganese(II) | Mn2+ | +2 |
| Cadmium | Cd2+ | +2 |
| Zinc | Zn2+ | +2 |
| Plumbous or Lead(II) | Pb2+ | +2 |
| Stannous or Tin(II) | Sn2+ | +2 |
| Ferric or Iron(III) | Fe3+ | +3 |
| Manganic or Manganese(III) | Mn3+ | +3 |
| Aluminium | Al3+ | +3 |
| Auric or Gold(III) | Au3+ | +3 |
| Antimonous or Antimony(III) | Sb3+ | +3 |
| Arsenous or Arsenic(III) | As3+ | +3 |
| Chromium | Cr3+ | +3 |
| Cobaltic or Cobalt(III) | Co3+ | +3 |
| Platinic or Platinum(IV) | Pt4+ | +4 |
| Plumbic or Lead(IV) | Pb4+ | +4 |
| Stannic or Tin(IV) | Sn4+ | +4 |
| Arsenic(V) | As5+ | +5 |
| Antimonic or Antimony(V) | Sb5+ | +5 |
List of variable valencies:
| Element | Name | Symbol | Charge |
| Copper | Cuprous or Copper(I) | Cu+ | +1 |
| Cupric or Copper(II) | Cu2+ | +2 | |
| Gold | Aurous or Gold(I) | Au+ | +1 |
| Auric or Gold(III) | Au3+ | +3 | |
| Mercury | Mercurous or mercury (I) | Hg2+2 | +1 |
| Mercuric or Mercury (II) | Hg2+ | +2 | |
| Cobalt | Cobaltous or Cobalt(II) | Co2+ | +2 |
| Cobaltic or Cobalt(III) | Co3+ | +3 | |
| Lead | Plumbous or Lead(II) | Pb2+ | +2 |
| Plumbic or Lead(IV) | Pb4+ | +4 | |
| Arsenic | Arsenous or Arsenic(III) | As3+ | +3 |
| Arsenic(V) | As5+ | +5 | |
| Antimony | Antimonous or Antimony(III) | Sb3+ | +3 |
| Antimonic or Antimony(V) | Sb5+ | +5 | |
| Tin | Stannous or Tin(II) | Sn2+ | +2 |
| Stannic or Tin(IV) | Sn4+ | +4 | |
| Iron | Ferrous or Iron (II) | Fe2+ | +2 |
| Ferric or Iron(III) | Fe3+ | +3 | |
| Manganese | Manganous or Manganese(II) | Mn2+ | +2 |
| Manganic or Manganese(III) | Mn3+ | +3 |
List of anion or acidic radicals:
| Name | Symbol | Charge |
| Acetate | CH3COO– | -1 |
| Formate | HCOO– | -1 |
| Bicarbonate or Hydrogen carbonate | HCO3– | -1 |
| Bisulphate | HSO4– | -1 |
| Bisulphite | HSO3– | -1 |
| Bisulphide | HS– | -1 |
| Fluoride | F– | -1 |
| Chloride | Cl– | -1 |
| Bromide | Br– | -1 |
| Iodide | I– | -1 |
| Hypochlorite | ClO– | -1 |
| Hypobromite | BrO– | -1 |
| Hypoiodite | IO– | -1 |
| Chlorite | ClO2– | -1 |
| Bromite | BrO2– | -1 |
| Iodite | IO2– | -1 |
| Chlorate | ClO3– | -1 |
| Bromate | BrO3– | -1 |
| Iodate | IO3– | -1 |
| Perchlorate | ClO4– | -1 |
| Perbromate | BrO4– | -1 |
| Periodate | IO4– | -1 |
| Nitrite | NO2– | -1 |
| Nitrate | NO3– | -1 |
| Hypophosphite | H2PO2– | -1 |
| Biphosphate | H2PO4– | -1 |
| Cyanide | CN– | -1 |
| Cyanate | CNO– | -1 |
| Thiocyanate | SCN– | -1 |
| Permanganate | MnO4– | -1 |
| Hydride | H– | -1 |
| Hydroxide | OH– | -1 |
| Superoxide | O2– | -1 |
| Hydrogen peroxide | HO2– | -1 |
| Carbonate | CO32- | -2 |
| Chromate | CrO42- | -2 |
| Dichromate | Cr2O72- | -2 |
| Manganate | MnO42- | -2 |
| Sulphide | S2- | -2 |
| Sulphite | SO32- | -2 |
| Thiosulphate | S2O32- | -2 |
| Sulphate | SO42- | -2 |
| Oxide | O2- | -2 |
| Peroxide | O22- | -2 |
| Stannite | SnO22- | -2 |
| Stannate | SnO32- | -2 |
| Silicate | SiO32- | -2 |
| Oxalate | C2O42- | -2 |
| Molybdate | MoO42- | -2 |
| Plumbite | PbO22- | -2 |
| Plumbate | PbO32- | -2 |
| Zincate | ZnO22- | -2 |
| Aluminate | AlO33- | -3 |
| Arsenite | AsO33- | -3 |
| Arsenate | AsO43- | -3 |
| Boride | B3- | -3 |
| Borate | BO33- | -3 |
| Nitride | N3- | -3 |
| Phosphide | P3- | -3 |
| Phosphite | PO33- | -3 |
| Phosphate | PO43- | -3 |
| Ferricyanide | [Fe(CN)6]3- | -3 |
| Ferrocyanide | [Fe(CN)6]4- | -4 |
| Carbide | C4- | -4 |
Practice Set-1
- Write the formula of the following:
- Ammonium sulphate
- Aluminium phosphate
- Calcium borate
- Zinc nitride
- Ferric sulphate
- Sodium Sulphite
- Magnesium bisulphide
- Ferrous hydroxide
- Cupric manganate
- Ammonium dichromate [5]
- Write the name of the following:
- NaHSO4
- K2ZnO2
- Na2PbO2
- (NH4)3PO4
- Na2S2O3
- Ca(MnO4)2
- AlN
- CaF2
- Fe(C2O4)
- (CH3COO)Cu [5]
- Sulfate of an element M is MSO4. Find the formula of its-
- Hydroxide
- Permanganate
- Oxalate
- Ferrocyanide
- Nitrite
- Acetate
- Perchlorate
- Bromide
- Oxide
- Nitride [5]
- Balance the following:
- MnO2 + HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2+ H2O
- Na2S2O3 + HCl →NaCl + H2O + SO2 + S
- NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 → CaCl2 + H2O + NH3
- NH3 + P2O5 + 3H2O → (NH4)3PO4
- Mg3N2 + H2O → Mg(OH)2 + NH3
- NH3 + O2 → N2 + H2O
- NH3 + CuO → Cu + H2O + N2
- NH3 + Cl2 → N2 + NH4Cl
- NH3 + Cl2 → HCl + NCl3
- HNO3 → H2O + NO2 + O2
- C + HNO3 → CO2 + H2O + NO2
- S + HNO3 → H2SO4 + H2O + NO2
- Cu +HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O + NO
- Cu + HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O + NO2
- Zn(NO3)2 → ZnO + NO2 + O2
- S + H2SO4 → H2O + SO2
- Cu + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O + SO2
- FeSO4 + H2SO4 + HNO3 → Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O + NO
- P2O5 + HCl → POCl3 + HPO3
- HNO3 + HCl → NOCl + H2O +[Cl] [10]
